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Fig. 2 | Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research

Fig. 2

From: Navigated 2-level posterior lumbar fusion: a 5-cm-incision procedure

Fig. 2

a Once a patient tracker has been fixed to the spinal process, a scanning will be performed with a 3D C-arm (arrow). b After the scanning, the 3D-reconstruction images are available on the screens. c A navigated tactile awl is used to establish the trajectories for the pedicle screws. d On the screens, both the navigated tactile awl (arrow) and the patient’s spine are shown in real time, and hence, the trajectories can be made under the guidance of the navigator

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